ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of indoor coal PM2.5 on the airway inflammation and the pathological morphology alterations of lung tissue in asthmatic rats induced by ovalbumin(OVA). Methods Forty six?week?old male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups(Control,OVA,PM2.5,PM2.5+OVA). Normal saline,OVA(15μg/mL)and(or)PM2.5(2.5 mg/mL)were given to rats in the four groups through intratracheal instillation for four times (two weeks one time),respectively. Twenty?four hours after the last intratracheal instillation ,bronchoalveolar irrigation lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for determinations of serum interleukin 4(IL?4),interferon gamma (IFN?γ). The lung tissue was collected for HE staining and electron microscopy detection. Results HE staining showed less inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in the control group;In PM2.5 group and OVA group,there was medium quantity of inflammatory cell infiltration,In PM2.5+OVA group, severe inflammatory cell infiltration was observed. Electron microscopy showed no abnormal lung tissue in the control group,but organelles were gradually destroyed,endothelial cell edama,alveolar interval with a large number of fibersin were observed in PM2.5 group. The exfoliated cells,local typeⅡ cells with visible damage were found in OVA group. A large number of fibers were existed among the lung tissues and organelles were destroyed,thickness of basement membrane was non?uniform,and blood air barrier structure was not clear in PM2.5 + OVA group. Compared with PM2.5+OVA group,concentration of IL?4 in PM2.5,OVA and the control group was siganificantly different(P < 0.05). A negative correlation between IL?4 and IFN?γ was observed (r =-0.358,P < 0.05). Conclusion Indoor coal PM2.5 exacerbates the airway inflammatory cell infiltration and airway remodeling in OVA?induced asthmatic rats.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To discuss the effect of pharmacist intervention on the use of antimicrobial agents in the clinical pathway of community-acquired pneumonia ( CAP) in our hospital to standardize the rational medication and promote the rational use of antimicro-bial agents. Methods:Totally 100 bacterial CAP patients in 2013 ( before the intervention) and 2014 ( after the intervention) in the pneumology department were studied. The antibacterial drug cost, total hospitalization cost, use intensity of antimicrobial drugs, hospi-talization time, therapeutic effects and so on in the two groups were observed during the treatment. Results: There were significant differences between the two groups in antibacterial drug cost, total hospitalization cost, use intensity of antimicrobial drugs, hospitaliza-tion time and so on, whereas there was no significant difference in the curative effect. Conclusion:After the pharmacist intervention, the application of antibiotics is more rational, the antibiotics use density and per capita cost are reduced, the hospitalization day is shortened and the value of pharmacists is also improved.